Used as additive for glass, glazes, ceramics, catalyst, light-emitting fluorescent materials, etc.
Lanthanum Oxide 99.999%
TREO 99.00% min.
La2O3/TREO 99.999% min.
L.O.I. 0.10% max.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm max. )
CeO2 1 Pr6O11 2 Nd2O3 2
Sm2O3 2 Y2O3 2
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 1.7 SiO2 46 CaO 28
Cerium Oxide 99.995%
TREO 99.50% min.
CeO2/TREO 99.995%
L.O.I. 0.5%
D50 2.5um
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm max. )
La2O3 15 Pr6O11 20 Nd2O3 5
Sm2O3 5 Eu2O3 1 Gd2O3 1
Tb4O7 2 Dy2O3 5 Ho2O3 1
Er2O3 2 Tm2O3 2 Yb2O3 1
Lu2O3 1 Y2O3 1
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm )
Fe2O3 3 CuO 5 SiO2 10
CaO 5 PbO 2 NiO 2
MnO 2 Al2O3 2 CoO 2
ZnO 2 TiO 2 MgO 2
Praseodymium Oxide 99.9%
TREO 99% min.
Pr6O11/TREO 99.9% min.
L.O.I. 0.78%
Rare Earth impurities (in TREO of ppm)
La2O3 100 CeO2 200 Nd2O3 100
Sm2O3 100 Y2O3 100
Non-Rare Earth impurities (in ppm)
Fe2O3 10 SiO2 40 CaO 90
Praseodymium Oxide 99.98%
TREO 99.50% min.
Pr6O11/TREO 99.98% min.
L.O.I. 0.50% max.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm. )
La2O3 22 CeO2 100 Nd2O3 5
Sm2O3 2 Eu2O3 1 Gd2O3 24
Tb4O7 40 Dy2O3 1 Ho2O3 2
Er2O3 2 Tm2O3 1 Yb2O3 1
Lu2O3 1 Y2O3 1
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 5 CuO 2 SiO2 5
NiO 1 MnO2 1 Mg0 2
Neodymium Oxide 99.999%
TREO 99.50% min.
Nd2O3/TREO 99.999% min.
L.O.I. 0.10% max.
D50 1.70um
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm. )
La2O3 0.52 CeO2 0.52 Pr6O11 1.37
Sm2O3 1.24 Eu2O3 0.31 Gd2O3 0.31
Tb4O7 0.62 Dy2O3 0.62 Ho2O3 0.62
Er2O3 0.31 Tm2O3 0.62 Yb2O3 0.31
Lu2O3 0.31 Y2O3 0.65
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 5 CuO 5 SiO2 25.13
CaO 5 NiO 10 Co2O3 10
MnO2 2 Cr2O3 5 PbO2 20
Samarium Oxide 99.95%
TREO 99.00% min.
Sm2O3/TREO 99.95% min.
L.O.I. 0.10% max.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm max. )
Pr6O11 100 Nd2O3 100 Eu2O3 100
Gd2O3 100 Y2O3 100
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 3 SiO2 11 CaO 30
Eur Oxide 99.99%
TREO 99% min
Eu2O3/TREO 99.99% min
L.O.I. 1% max.
Rare Earth Impurities ( in TREO of ppm max.)
CeO2 4 Pr6O11 4 Nd2O3 4
Sm2O3 5 Er2O3 2 Gd2O3 5
Yb2O3 2 Y2O3 4 La2O3 4
Tb4O7 4 Dy2O3 4 Lu2O3 2
Ho2O3 2 Tm2O3 2
Non-Rare Earth Impurities (in ppm max.)
Fe2O3 3 CaO 8 CuO 5
PbO 5 NiO 5 SiO2 30
Eur Oxide 99.999%
TREO 99.16%
Eu2O3/TREO 99.999%
L.O.I. 0.17%
D50 0.32um
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm. )
La2O3 0.790 CeO2 0.01 Pr6O11 0.081
Nd2O3 0.010 Sm2O3 1.080 Gd2O31.000
Tb4O7 0.010 Dy2O3 0.031 Ho2O3 0.032
Tm2O3 0.005 Yb2O3 0.010 Y2O3 0.140
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 4 Ca 5.5 PbO 1.0
MnO2 2 NiO 1.0 ZnO 5.0
Gadolinium Oxide 99.995%
TREO 99.00% min.
Gd2O3/TREO 99.995% min.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm max. )
Sm2O3 5 Eu2O3 5 Tb4O7 5
Dy2O3 5 Y2O3 5
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 2.9 SiO2 40 CaO 34
Gadolinium Oxide 99.999%
TREO 99% min.
Gd2O3/TREO 99.999% min.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm max. )
La2O3 0.2 CeO2 0.2 Pr6O11 0.2
Nd2O3 0.2 Sm2O3 0.2 Eu2O3 0.2
Tb4O7 4.5 Dy2O3 0.2 Ho2O3 0.2
Er2O3 0.2 Tm2O3 0.2 Yb2O3 0.3
Lu2O3 0.2 Y2O3 0.2
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max )
Fe2O3 3 CuO 3 SiO2 15
CaO 15 Cl- 200
Terbium Oxide 99.99%
TREO 99.00% min.
Tb4O7/TREO 99.99% min.
L.O.I. 0.10% max.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm max. )
Eu2O3 10 Gd2O3 10 Dy2O3 20
Ho2O3 10 Er2O3 10 Tm2O3 10
Yb2O3 10 Lu2O3 10 Y2O3 10
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 6 SiO2 53 CaO 19
Dysprosium Oxide 99.9%
TREO 99.00% min.
Dy2O3/TREO 99.9% min.
L.O.I.0.10% max.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm max. )
Gd2O3 50 Tb4O7 250 Ho2O3 270
Er2O3 50 Tm2O3 50 Yb2O3 50
Lu2O3 50 Y2O3 50
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 10 SiO2 48 CaO 36
Holmium Oxide 99.9%
TREO 99.00% min.
Ho2O3/TREO 99.9% min.
L.O.I. 0.10% max.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm. )
Tb4O7 100 Dy2O3 200 Er2O3 370
Tm2O3 50 Yb2O3 50 Y2O3 70
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 6 SiO2 34 CaO 49
Holmium Oxide 99.99%
TREO 99.70%
Ho2O3/TREO 99.999% min.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm. )
La2O3 0.1 CeO2 0.1 Pr6O11 0.1
Nd2O3 20 Sm2O3 0.1 Eu2O3 0.1
Gd2O3 0.1 Tb4O7 0.2 Dy2O3 4.0
Er2O3 19 Tm2O3 0.1 Yb2O3 0.1
Lu2O3 0.1 Y2O3 0.2
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 4 CuO 5 SiO2 7
CaO 6 PbO 5 ZnO 5
NiO 5 MgO 5
Erbium Oxide 99.99%
TREO 99.50% min.
Er2O3/TREO 99.99% min.
L.O.I. 0.50% max.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm. )
La2O3 5 CeO2 0.5 Pr6O11 2
Nd2O3 2.5 Sm2O3 0.1 Eu2O3 0.1
Gd2O3 0.1 Tb4O7 0.1 Dy2O3 2
Ho2O3 2.5 Tm2O3 14 Yb2O3 0.1
Lu2O3 0.1 Y2O3 70
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 5 CuO 5 SiO2 20
CaO 6.5 NiO 10 MnO2 2
Erbium Oxide 99.999%
TREO 99.50% min.
Er2O3/TREO 99.999% min.
L.O.I. 0.50% max.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm. )
La2O3 0.1 CeO2 0.1 Pr6O11 0.1
Nd2O3 0.1 Sm2O3 0.1 Eu2O3 0.1
Gd2O3 0.1 Tb4O7 0.1 Dy2O3 0.5
Ho2O3 1 Tm2O3 6 Yb2O3 0.2
Lu2O3 0.1 Y2O3 0.1
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 7 CuO 10 SiO2 10
CaO 7 NiO 10 MnO2 2
Thulium Oxide 99.99%
TREO 99.57% min.
Tm2O3/TREO 99.99% min.
L.O.I. 0.13% max.
D50 3.03um
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm. )
La2O3 5 CeO2 5 Pr6O11 5
Nd2O3 5 Sm2O3 10 Eu2O3 2
Gd2O3 10 Tb4O7 9.24 Dy2O3 10
Ho2O3 10 Er2O3 9.77 Yb2O3 4.75
Lu2O3 2 Y2O3 2
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 5 CuO 5 SiO2 7.68
CaO 14.36 ZnO 2 NiO 10
Co2O3 5 MnO2 3 Cr2O3 5
Ytterbium Oxide 99.95%
TREO 99%
Yb2O3/TREO 99.95%
L.O.I. 1% max.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm )
Er2O3 5 Y2O3 5 Tm2O3 75
Lu2O3 320
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm)
Fe2O3 10 CaO 75 SiO2 23
Ytterbium Oxide 99.99%
TREO 99%
Yb2O3/TREO 99.99%
L.O.I. 1% max.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm )
Er2O3 11 Y2O3 5 Tm2O3 9
Lu2O3 73
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm)
Fe2O3 3.6 CaO 79 SiO2 20
Lutetium Oxide 99.99%
TREO 99.00% min.
Lu2O3/TREO 99.99% min.
L.O.I. 0.10% max.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm. )
Er2O3 2 Tm2O3 3 Yb2O3 31
Y2O3 2
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 5 SiO2 23 CaO 72
Lutetium Oxide 99.999%
TREO 99.00% min.
Lu2O3/TREO 99.9999%
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm. )
La2O3 0.2 CeO2 0.3 Pr6O11 0.2
Nd2O3 0.15 Sm2O3 0.2 Eu2O3 0.015
Gd2O3 0.04 Tb4O7 0.10 Dy2O3 0.04
Ho2O3 0.15 Er2O3 0.10 Tm2O3 0.23
Yb2O3 6.0 Y2O3 0.10
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 5 CuO 2 SiO2 15
CaO 5 PbO 2 ZnO 2
NiO 2 MnO2 2 TiO2 0.2
Lutetium Oxide 99.9999%
TREO 99.50% min.
Lu2O3/TREO 99.9999%
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm max. )
La2O3 0.04 CeO2 0.03 Pr6O11 0.02
Nd2O3 0.04 Sm2O3 0.04 Eu2O3 0.02
Gd2O3 0.04 Tb4O7 0.03 Dy2O3 0.03
Ho2O3 0.02 Er2O3 0.03 Tm2O3 0.07
Yb2O3 0.45 Y2O3 0.08
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 0.5 CuO 0.5 SiO2 5
CaO 5 PbO 0.5 NiO 0.6
MnO 0.2 Al2O3 0.5 CoO 0.5
Yttrium Oxide 99.999%
TREO 99.35%.
Y2O3/TREO 99.999%
D50 4.329um
L.O.I. 0.49%
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm)
La2O3 0.5 CeO2 0.5 Pr6O11 0.5
Nd2O3 0.5 Sm203 0.5 Eu2O3 1
Gd2O3 0.5 Tb4O7 1 Dy2O3 1
Ho2O3 1 Er2O3 1 Tm2O3 0.5
Yb2O3 0.5 Lu2O3 0.5
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm )
Fe2O3 2 SiO2 10 CaO 4
NiO 1 PbO 2 CuO 1
Cl- 33
Yttrium Oxide 99.9999%
TREO 99.50% min.
Y2O3/TREO 99.9999%
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm )
La2O3 0.1 CeO2 0.03 Pr6O11 0.04
Nd2O3 0.09 Sm2O3 0.05 Eu2O3 0.25
Gd2O3 0.05 Tb4O7 0.02 Dy2O3 0.08
Ho2O3 0.07 Er2O3 0.05 Tm2O3 0.03
Yb2O3 0.09 Lu2O3 0.04
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm )
Fe2O3 1 CuO 1 SiO2 10
CaO 8
PbO 1 NiO 1
MnO 1 Al2O3 1
CoO 1
Scandium Oxide 99.96%
TREO 96.50%
Tb4O7/TREO 99.96%
L.O.I. 0.10% max.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm )
La2O3 10
CeO2 12
Pr6O 11
Nd2O3 10
Sm2O3 10
Eu2O3 10
Gd2O3 10
Tb4O7 10
Dy2O3 10
Ho2O3 10
Er2O3 10
Tm2O3 10
Yb2O3 14
Lu2O3 71
Y2O3 28
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 20
SiO2 21
CaO 13
1. 10kg Lanthanum Oxide 99.999%
TREO 99% min.
La2O3/TREO 99.999% min.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm max. )
CeO2 2
Pr6O11 2
Nd2O3 2
Sm2O3 2
Y2O3 2
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 0.5
SiO2 5
CaO 5
CuO 0.5
Pb 1
Ag 0.4
Mn 0.2
Ni 0.2
K 0.6
Co 0.1
Cr 0.5
Mg 0.5
2. 5kg Samarium Oxide 99.999%
TREO 99% min.
Sm2O3/TREO 99.999% min.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm max. )
Pr6O11 1
Nd2O3 1
Eu2O3 2
Gd2O3 3
Y2O3 2
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 0.5
SiO2 5
CaO 5
CuO 0.5
3. 5kg Eur Oxide 99.999%
TREO 99% min.
Eu2O3/TREO 99.999% min.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm max. )
La2O3 0.5
CeO2 0.5
Pr6O11 0.5
Nd2O3 1
Sm2O3 1
Gd2O3 1
Tb4O7 1
Dy2O3 0.5
Ho2O3 0.2
Er2O3 0.2
Tm2O3 0.2
Yb2O3 0.2
Lu2O3 0.2
Y2O3 0.2
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 0.5
SiO2 5
CaO 5
CuO 0.3
ZnO 1
Cl- 50
4. 10kg Dysprosium Oxide 99.999%
TREO 99% min.
Dy2O3/TREO 99.999% min.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm max. )
La2O3 0.5
CeO2 0.2
Pr6O11 0.2
Nd2O3 0.1
Sm2O3 0.2
Eu2O3 0.5
Gd2O3 1
Tb4O7 2.5
Ho2O3 2
Er2O3 0.5
Tm2O3 0.3
Yb2O3 0.2
Lu2O3 0.2
Y2O3 1
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 0.4
SiO2 5
CaO 5
CuO 0.6
Pb 1
Co 0.5
Ni 0.2
Mg 0.5
5. 10kg Terbium Oxide 99.999%
TREO 99% min.
Tb4O7/TREO 99.999% min.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm max. )
La2O3 0.2
CeO2 0.2
Pr6O11 0.2
Nd2O3 0.1
Sm2O3 0.2
Eu2O3 0.5
Gd2O3 2
Dy2O3 2.5
Ho2O3 1
Er2O3 0.5
Tm2O3 0.2
Yb2O3 0.2
Lu2O3 0.2
Y2O3 1
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 0.4
SiO2 5
CaO 5
CuO 0.5
Pb 1
Co 0.1
Ni 0.2
Mg 0.5
1. Scandium Oxide 99.99999% (Laser grade)
TREO 99.50%min.
Sc2O3/TREO 99.99999%min.
Rare Earth impurities (in ppm max.)
La 0.007
Ce 0.0075
Pr 0.0038
Nd 0.0038
Sm 0.0075
Eu 0.0025
Gd 0.0038
Tb 0.0038
Dy 0.0038
Ho 0.0038
Er 0.0038
Tm 0.0038
Yb 0.0025
Lu 0.0025
Y 0.011
Non-Rare Earth impurities (in ppm max.)
Ag 0.19 As 0.006
Ba 0.17
Bi 0.19 Ca 1.2
Cd 0.32
Cl 0.79 Co 0.11
Cr 0.18
Cu 0.26 Fe 0.16
K 0.37
Mg 0.7 Mn 0.16
Mo 0.36
Na 0.2 Ni 0.25
P 0.09
Pb 0.35 Pt 1.9
Se 0.14
Si 2.7 Sn 0.32
Th 0.21
Ti 0.16 V 0.15
W 0.53
Zn 0.39 Zr 0.16
U 0.21
2. Scandium Oxide 99.999%
TREO 99.5% min.
Sc2O3/TREO 99.999%min.
Rare Earth impurities (in ppm max.)
La2O3 2
CeO2 0.3
Pr6O11 0.3
Nd2O3 0.3
Sm2O3 0.3
Eu2O3 0.3
Gd2O3 0.1
Tb4O7 0.1
Dy2O3 0.1
Ho2O3 0.1
Er2O3 0.1
Tm2O3 0.1
Yb2O3 0.05
Lu2O3 0.1
Y2O3 0.2
Non-Rare Earth impurities (in ppm max.)
Fe 0.5
Co 1
Ni 1
Cu 1
Zr 5-10
Ti 3-5
Si 3
Ca 3
3. Yttrium Oxide 99.9995% (Laser grade)
TREO 99.50%min.
Y2O3/TREO 99.9995%min.
Rare Earth impurities (in TREO, ppm max.)
La2O3 0.1
CeO2 0.12
Pr6O11 0.11
Nd2O3 0.4
Sm2O3 0.42
Eu2O3 0.21
Gd2O3 0.46
Tb4O7 0.12
Dy2O3 0.38
Ho2O3 0.11
Er2O3 0.37
Tm2O3 0.14
Yb2O3 0.39
Lu2O3 0.13
Sc2O3 0.07
Non-Rare Earth impurities (in ppm max.)
Ag 0.10 As 0.03
Ba 0.09
Bi 0.09 Ca 0.62
Cd 0.18
Cl 0.71 Co 0.03
Cr 0.09
Cu 0.14 Fe 0.09
K 0.57
Mg 0.15 Mn 0.03
Mo 0.02
Na 0.35 Ni 0.04
P 0.16
Pb 0.18 Pt 0.27
Se 0.07
Si 1.4 Sn 0.16
Th 0.1
Ti 0.09 V 0.07
W 0.27
Zn 0.20 Zr 0.79
5. Lanthanum Oxide 99.99995% (Laser grade)
TREO 99.50%min.
La2O3/TREO 99.99995%min.
Rare Earth impurities (in TREO, ppm max.)
CeO2 0.03
Pr6O11 0.02
Nd2O3 0.02
Sm2O3 0.03
Eu2O3 0.003
Gd2O3 0.02
Tb4O7 0.02
Dy2O3 0.02
Ho2O3 0.02
Er2O3 0.02
Tm2O3 0.02
Yb2O3 0.02
Lu2O3 0.01
Y2O3 0.01
Non-Rare Earth impurities (in ppm max.)
Fe 0.1 Co 0.1
Ni 0.1
Cu 0.1 Mn 0.1
Cr 0.1
V 0.1 Ca 2
Si 2
6. Cerium Oxide 99.999%
CeO2/TREO 99.999%min.
Rare Earth impurities (in TREO, ppm max.)
La2O3 3
Pr6O11 2
Nd2O3 2
Sm2O3 1
Y2O3 1
Non-Rare Earth impurities (in ppm max.)
Fe2O3 6.3
Cl 273
CaO 31.5
SiO2 60.9
PbO 21
Al2O3 9.45
SO4- 105
NiO 21
CuO 10.5
MnO2 21
MgO 31.5
P2O5 31.5
YC
1. Dysprosium Oxide 99.995%
TREO 99.4%
Dy2O3/TREO 99.995%
L.O.I. 0.1%
D50 4.1
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO, ppm.)
La2O3 0.31
CeO2 1.25
Pr6O11 1.25
Nd2O3 2.44
Sm2O3 1.25
Eu2O3 0.31
Gd2O3 0.40
Tb4O7 34.15
Ho2O3 0.72
Er2O3 2.19
Tm2O3 3.44
Yb2O3 0.93
Lu2O3 0.20
Y2O3 0.19
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( ppm.)
Fe2O3 5.0
SiO2 6.4
CaO 5.0
NiO 20
ZnO 5.0
CuO 5.0
Co2O3 5.0
Cr2O3 5.9
MnO2 3.8
Other individual 4.0max.
2. Dysprosium Oxide 99.98%
TREO 99%
Dy2O3/TREO 99.98%
L.O.I. 1%
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO, ppm.)
La2O3 10max.
CeO2 10max.
Pr6O11 10max.
Nd2O3 10max.
Sm2O3 10max.
Eu2O3 10max.
Gd2O3 12
Tb4O7 23
Ho2O3 68
Er2O3 24
Tm2O3 10
Yb2O3 10max.
Lu2O3 10max.
Y2O3 10max.
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( ppm.)
Fe2O3 10.0
SiO2 28
CaO 10max.
MgO 5max.
ZnO 5.0max.
CuO 5.0max.
PbO 5.0max.
Other individual 5.0max.
WFN
1. Erbium Oxide 99.5%
TREO 99%min.
Er2O3/TREO 99.5%min.
L.O.I. 1.0% max.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO, % max.)
Dy2O3 0.01
Ho2O3 0.05
Tm2O3 0.05
Yb2O3 0.35
Y2O3 0.01
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( ppm max.)
Fe2O3 20
SiO2 150
CaO 100
2. Erbium Oxide 99.9%
TREO 99%min.
Er2O3/TREO 99.9%min.
L.O.I. 1.0%max.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO, % max.)
Dy2O3 0.01
Ho2O3 0.01
Tm2O3 0.01
Yb2O3 0.05
Y2O3 0.05
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( ppm max.)
Fe2O3 15
SiO2 50
CaO 100
3. Cerium Oxide 99.5%
TREO 99%min.
CeO2/TREO 99.5%min.
L.O.I. 1.0%max.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO, % max.)
La2O3 0.50
Pr6O11 0.10
Nd2O3 0.03
Sm2O3 0.03
Y2O3 0.03
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( % max.)
Fe2O3 0.02
SiO2 0.05
CaO 0.05
PbO 0.02
4. Cerium Oxide 99.9%
TREO 99%min.
CeO2/TREO 99.9%min.
L.O.I. 1.0%max.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO, % max.)
La2O3 0.05
Pr6O11 0.05
Nd2O3 0.01
Sm2O3 0.01
Y2O3 0.01
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( % max.)
Fe2O3 0.005
SiO2 0.02
CaO 0.02
PbO 0.001
5. Neodymium Oxide 99.5%
TREO 99%min.
Nd2O3/TREO 99.5%min.
L.O.I. 1.0%max.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO, % max.)
La2O3 0.03
CeO2 0.03
Pr6O11 0.30
Sm2O3 0.03
Y2O3 0.01
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( % max.)
Fe2O3 0.01
SiO2 0.03
CaO 0.03
PbO 0.005
NiO 0.005
CuO 0.005
Cl- 0.03
6. Neodymium Oxide 99.9%
TREO 99%min.
Nd2O3/TREO 99.9%min.
L.O.I. 1.0%max.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO, % max.)
La2O3 0.010
CeO2 0.010
Pr6O11 0.05
Sm2O3 0.010
Y2O3 0.010
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( % max.)
Fe2O3 0.005
> SiO2 0.01
CaO 0.01
PbO 0.003
NiO 0.003
CuO 0.003
Cl- 0.02
1. Ytterbium Oxide gzy
TREO 99%min.
Yb2O3/TREO 99.9%min.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO, ppm max. )
Er2O3 5
Tm2O3 20
Lu2O3 50
Y2O3 5
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm )
Fe2O3 9
CaO 52
SiO2 24
2. Scandium Oxide gzl
TREO 99%min.
Sc2O3/TREO 99.9%min.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO, ppm max. )
La2O3 0.5
CeO2 1
Pr6O11 1
Nd2O3 0.5
Sm2O3 0.5
Eu2O3 0.5
Gd2O3 1
Tb4O7 2
Dy2O3 2
Ho2O3 1
Er2O3 0.5
Tm2O3 0.5
Yb2O3 8
Lu2O3 5
Y2O3 6
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm )
Si 15 Fe 12
Pb 5
Ca 20 Mn 5
Mg 5
Cu 5 Zr 30
Th 7
Cr 5 Ni 5
Al 10
Ti 10
r c l
1. Neodymium Oxide 99.999% (Laser grade)
TREO 99.70%.
Nd2O3/TREO 99.999%min.
Rare Earth impurities (in TREO, ppm max.)
La2O3 0.1
CeO2 0.2
Pr6O11 6.0
Sm2O3 0.2
Eu2O3 0.1
Gd2O3 0.1
Tb4O7 0.1
Dy2O3 0.1
Ho2O3 0.1
Er2O3 0.1
Tm2O3 0.1
Yb2O3 0.1
Lu2O3 0.1
Y2O3 0.1
Non-Rare Earth impurities (in ppm )
Fe2O3 3.0
SiO2 7.0
CaO 6.0
2. Erbium Oxide 99.999% (Laser grade)
TREO 99.60%.
Er2O3/TREO 99.999%min.
Rare Earth impurities (in TREO, ppm max.)
La2O3 0.2
CeO2 0.1
Pr6O11 0.1
Nd2O3 0.2
Sm2O3 0.1
Eu2O3 0.1
Gd2O3 0.2
Tb4O7 0.1
Dy2O3 1.0
Ho2O3 4.2
Tm2O3 2.5
Yb2O3 0.1
Lu2O3 0.1
Y2O3 0.2
Non-Rare Earth impurities (in ppm )
Fe2O3 3.0
SiO2 6.0
CaO 5.0
MgO 2.0
Lanthanum Oxide 99.999%
TREO 99.00% min.
La2O3/TREO 99.999% min.
L.O.I.¡¡0.10% max.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm max. )
CeO2 1 Pr6O11 2 Nd2O3 2
Sm2O3 2 Y2O3 2
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 1.7 SiO2 46 CaO 28
Cerium Oxide 99.995%
TREO 99.50% min.
CeO2/TREO 99.995%
L.O.I. 0.5%
D50 2.5um
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm max. )
La2O3 15 Pr6O11 20 Nd2O3 5
Sm2O3 5 Eu2O3 1 Gd2O3 1
Tb4O7 2 Dy2O3 5 Ho2O3 1
Er2O3 2 Tm2O3 2 Yb2O3 1
Lu2O3 1 Y2O3 1
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm )
Fe2O3 3 CuO 5 SiO2 10
CaO 5 PbO 2 NiO 2
MnO 2
Al2O3 2 CoO 2 ZnO 2
TiO 2 MgO 2
Praseodymium Oxide 99.9%
TREO 99% min.
Pr6O11/TREO 99.9% min.
Rare Earth impurities (in TREO of ppm)
La2O3 100 CeO2 200 Nd2O3 100
Sm2O3 100 Y2O3 100
Non-Rare Earth impurities (in ppm)
Fe2O3 10 SiO2 40 CaO 90
L.O.I. 0.78%
Praseodymium Oxide 99.98%
TREO 99.50% min.
Pr6O11/TREO 99.98% min.
L.O.I. 0.50% max.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm. )
La2O3 22 CeO2 100 Nd2O3 5
Sm2O3 2 Eu2O3 1 Gd2O3 24
Tb4O7 40 Dy2O3 1 Ho2O3 2
Er2O3 2 Tm2O3 1 Yb2O3 1
Lu2O3 1 Y2O3 1
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 5 CuO 2 SiO2 5
NiO 1 MnO2 1 Mg0 2
Neodymium Oxide 99.999%
TREO 99.50% min.
Nd2O3/TREO 99.999% min.
L.O.I. 0.10% max.
D50 1.70um
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm. )
La2O3 0.52 CeO2 0.52 Pr6O11 1.37
Sm2O3 1.24 Eu2O3 0.31 Gd2O3 0.31
Tb4O7 0.62 Dy2O3 0.62 Ho2O3 0.62
Er2O3 0.31 Tm2O3 0.62 Yb2O3 0.31
Lu2O3 0.31 Y2O3 0.65
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 5 CuO 5 SiO2 25.13
CaO 5 NiO 10 Co2O3 10
MnO2 2 Cr2O3 5 PbO2 20
Samarium Oxide 99.95%
TREO 99.00% min.
Sm2O3/TREO 99.95% min.
L.O.I. 0.10% max.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm max. )
Pr6O11 100 Nd2O3 100 Eu2O3 100
Gd2O3 100 Y2O3 100
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 3 SiO2 11 CaO 30
Certificate of Analysis
Gadolinium Oxide 99.995%
TREO 99.00% min.
Gd2O3/TREO 99.995% min.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm max. )
Sm2O3 5 Eu2O3 5 Tb4O7 5
Dy2O3 5 Y2O3 5
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 2.9 SiO2 40 CaO 34
Gadolinium Oxide 99.999%
TREO 99% min.
Gd2O3/TREO 99.999% min.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm max. )
La2O3 0.2 CeO2 0.2 Pr6O11 0.2
Nd2O3 0.2 Sm2O3 0.2 Eu2O3 0.2
Tb4O7 4.5 Dy2O3 0.2 Ho2O3 0.2
Er2O3 0.2 Tm2O3 0.2 Yb2O3 0.3
Lu2O3 0.2 Y2O3 0.2
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max )
Fe2O3 3 CuO 3
SiO2 15
CaO 15 Cl- 200
Terbium Oxide 99.99%
TREO 99.00% min.
Tb4O7/TREO 99.99% min.
L.O.I. 0.10% max.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm max. )
Eu2O3 10 Gd2O3 10 Dy2O3 20
Ho2O3 10 Er2O3 10 Tm2O3 10
Yb2O3 10 Lu2O3 10 Y2O3 10
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 6 SiO2 53 CaO 19
Dysprosium Oxide 99.9%
TREO 99.00% min.
Dy2O3/TREO 99.9% min.
L.O.I. 0.10% max.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm max. )
Gd2O3 50 Tb4O7 250 Ho2O3 270
Er2O3 50 Tm2O3 50 Yb2O3 50
Lu2O3 50 Y2O3 50
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 10 SiO2 48 CaO 36
Holmium Oxide 99.99%
TREO 99.70%
Ho2O3/TREO 99.999% min.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm. )
La2O3 0.1 CeO2 0.1 Pr6O11 0.1
Nd2O3 20 Sm2O3 0.1 Eu2O3 0.1
Gd2O3 0.1 Tb4O7 0.2 Dy2O3 4.0
Er2O3 19 Tm2O3 0.1 Yb2O3 0.1
Lu2O3 0.1 Y2O3 0.2
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 4 CuO 5 SiO2 7
CaO 6 PbO 5 ZnO 5
NiO 5 MgO 5
Certificate of Analysis
1. Lutetium Oxide 99.99%
TREO 99%min.
Lu2O3/TREO 99.99%min.
L.O.I. 1.0%max.
Rare Earth impurities: (in TREO, ppm)
La2O3 5max.
CeO2 5max.
Pr6O11 5max.
Nd2O3 5max.
Sm2O3 5max.
Eu2O3 5max.
Gd2O3 5max.
Tb4O7 5max.
Dy2O3 5max.
Ho2O3 5max.
Er2O3 5max.
Tm2O3 5max.
Yb2O3 73
Y2O3 5max.
Non-Rare Earth impurities: (in ppm )
Fe2O3 4
CaO 25
SiO2 25
Lutetium Oxide 99.99% UC
TREO 99%min.
Lu2O3/TREO 99.99%min.
Rare Earth impurities: ( in TREO, ppm max. )
La2O3 0.3
CeO2 0.3
Pr6O11 0.3
Nd2O3 0.3
Sm2O3 0.3
Eu2O3 0.3
Gd2O3 0.5
Tb4O7 0.5
Dy2O3 0.5
Ho2O3 0.5
Er2O3 0.5
Tm2O3 0.5
Yb2O3 0.5
Y2O3 0.5
Non-Rare Earth impurities: (in ppm max. )
Fe 1
Ca 20
Si 5
Hf 0.1
2. Lutetium Oxide 99.999%
TREO 99%min.
Lu2O3/TREO 99.999%min.
L.O.I. 1.0%max.
Rare Earth impurities: (in TREO, ppm)
La2O3 0.8
CeO2 0.2
Pr6O11 0.1
Nd2O3 0.3
Sm2O3 0.3
Eu2O3 0.2
Gd2O3 0.3
Tb4O7 0.2
Dy2O3 0.2
Ho2O3 0.1
Er2O3 0.2
Tm2O3 0.2
Yb2O3 1.9
Y2O3 1.5
Non-Rare Earth impurities: (in ppm )
Fe2O3 3
CaO 12
SiO2 15
Lutetium Oxide 99.9999%
TREO 99%min.
Lu2O3/TREO 99.9999%min.
L.O.I. 1.0% max.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO, ppm max. )
La 0.02
Ce 0.02
Pr 0.02
Nd 0.02
Sm 0.02
Eu 0.02
Gd 0.02
Tb 0.02
Dy 0.02
Ho 0.12
Er 0.05
Tm 0.02
Yb 0.06
Y 0.02
Sc 0.02
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe 0.02
Cu 0.02
Cr 0.02
Ni 0.02
Pb 0.02
Ti 0.02
Ca 1
Na 1
|
|
|
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| Specifications︰ | Lanthanum Oxide 99.999%
TREO 99.00% min.
La2O3/TREO 99.999% min.
L.O.I. 0.10% max.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm max. )
CeO2 1 Pr6O11 2 Nd2O3 2
Sm2O3 2 Y2O3 2
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 1.7 SiO2 46 CaO 28
Cerium Oxide 99.995%
TREO 99.50% min.
CeO2/TREO 99.995%
L.O.I. 0.5%
D50 2.5um
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm max. )
La2O3 15 Pr6O11 20 Nd2O3 5
Sm2O3 5 Eu2O3 1 Gd2O3 1
Tb4O7 2 Dy2O3 5 Ho2O3 1
Er2O3 2 Tm2O3 2 Yb2O3 1
Lu2O3 1 Y2O3 1
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm )
Fe2O3 3 CuO 5 SiO2 10
CaO 5 PbO 2 NiO 2
MnO 2 Al2O3 2 CoO 2
ZnO 2 TiO 2 MgO 2
Praseodymium Oxide 99.9%
TREO 99% min.
Pr6O11/TREO 99.9% min.
L.O.I. 0.78%
Rare Earth impurities (in TREO of ppm)
La2O3 100 CeO2 200 Nd2O3 100
Sm2O3 100 Y2O3 100
Non-Rare Earth impurities (in ppm)
Fe2O3 10 SiO2 40 CaO 90
Praseodymium Oxide 99.98%
TREO 99.50% min.
Pr6O11/TREO 99.98% min.
L.O.I. 0.50% max.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm. )
La2O3 22 CeO2 100 Nd2O3 5
Sm2O3 2 Eu2O3 1 Gd2O3 24
Tb4O7 40 Dy2O3 1 Ho2O3 2
Er2O3 2 Tm2O3 1 Yb2O3 1
Lu2O3 1 Y2O3 1
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 5 CuO 2 SiO2 5
NiO 1 MnO2 1 Mg0 2
Neodymium Oxide 99.999%
TREO 99.50% min.
Nd2O3/TREO 99.999% min.
L.O.I. 0.10% max.
D50 1.70um
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm. )
La2O3 0.52 CeO2 0.52 Pr6O11 1.37
Sm2O3 1.24 Eu2O3 0.31 Gd2O3 0.31
Tb4O7 0.62 Dy2O3 0.62 Ho2O3 0.62
Er2O3 0.31 Tm2O3 0.62 Yb2O3 0.31
Lu2O3 0.31 Y2O3 0.65
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 5 CuO 5 SiO2 25.13
CaO 5 NiO 10 Co2O3 10
MnO2 2 Cr2O3 5 PbO2 20
Samarium Oxide 99.95%
TREO 99.00% min.
Sm2O3/TREO 99.95% min.
L.O.I. 0.10% max.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm max. )
Pr6O11 100 Nd2O3 100 Eu2O3 100
Gd2O3 100 Y2O3 100
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 3 SiO2 11 CaO 30
Eur Oxide 99.99%
TREO 99% min
Eu2O3/TREO 99.99% min
L.O.I. 1% max.
Rare Earth Impurities ( in TREO of ppm max.)
CeO2 4 Pr6O11 4 Nd2O3 4
Sm2O3 5 Er2O3 2 Gd2O3 5
Yb2O3 2 Y2O3 4 La2O3 4
Tb4O7 4 Dy2O3 4 Lu2O3 2
Ho2O3 2 Tm2O3 2
Non-Rare Earth Impurities (in ppm max.)
Fe2O3 3 CaO 8 CuO 5
PbO 5 NiO 5 SiO2 30
Eur Oxide 99.999%
TREO 99.16%
Eu2O3/TREO 99.999%
L.O.I. 0.17%
D50 0.32um
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm. )
La2O3 0.790 CeO2 0.01 Pr6O11 0.081
Nd2O3 0.010 Sm2O3 1.080 Gd2O31.000
Tb4O7 0.010 Dy2O3 0.031 Ho2O3 0.032
Tm2O3 0.005 Yb2O3 0.010 Y2O3 0.140
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 4 Ca 5.5 PbO 1.0
MnO2 2 NiO 1.0 ZnO 5.0
Gadolinium Oxide 99.995%
TREO 99.00% min.
Gd2O3/TREO 99.995% min.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm max. )
Sm2O3 5 Eu2O3 5 Tb4O7 5
Dy2O3 5 Y2O3 5
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 2.9 SiO2 40 CaO 34
Gadolinium Oxide 99.999%
TREO 99% min.
Gd2O3/TREO 99.999% min.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm max. )
La2O3 0.2 CeO2 0.2 Pr6O11 0.2
Nd2O3 0.2 Sm2O3 0.2 Eu2O3 0.2
Tb4O7 4.5 Dy2O3 0.2 Ho2O3 0.2
Er2O3 0.2 Tm2O3 0.2 Yb2O3 0.3
Lu2O3 0.2 Y2O3 0.2
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max )
Fe2O3 3 CuO 3 SiO2 15
CaO 15 Cl- 200
Terbium Oxide 99.99%
TREO 99.00% min.
Tb4O7/TREO 99.99% min.
L.O.I. 0.10% max.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm max. )
Eu2O3 10 Gd2O3 10 Dy2O3 20
Ho2O3 10 Er2O3 10 Tm2O3 10
Yb2O3 10 Lu2O3 10 Y2O3 10
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 6 SiO2 53 CaO 19
Dysprosium Oxide 99.9%
TREO 99.00% min.
Dy2O3/TREO 99.9% min.
L.O.I.0.10% max.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm max. )
Gd2O3 50 Tb4O7 250 Ho2O3 270
Er2O3 50 Tm2O3 50 Yb2O3 50
Lu2O3 50 Y2O3 50
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 10 SiO2 48 CaO 36
Holmium Oxide 99.9%
TREO 99.00% min.
Ho2O3/TREO 99.9% min.
L.O.I. 0.10% max.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm. )
Tb4O7 100 Dy2O3 200 Er2O3 370
Tm2O3 50 Yb2O3 50 Y2O3 70
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 6 SiO2 34 CaO 49
Holmium Oxide 99.99%
TREO 99.70%
Ho2O3/TREO 99.999% min.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm. )
La2O3 0.1 CeO2 0.1 Pr6O11 0.1
Nd2O3 20 Sm2O3 0.1 Eu2O3 0.1
Gd2O3 0.1 Tb4O7 0.2 Dy2O3 4.0
Er2O3 19 Tm2O3 0.1 Yb2O3 0.1
Lu2O3 0.1 Y2O3 0.2
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 4 CuO 5 SiO2 7
CaO 6 PbO 5 ZnO 5
NiO 5 MgO 5
Erbium Oxide 99.99%
TREO 99.50% min.
Er2O3/TREO 99.99% min.
L.O.I. 0.50% max.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm. )
La2O3 5 CeO2 0.5 Pr6O11 2
Nd2O3 2.5 Sm2O3 0.1 Eu2O3 0.1
Gd2O3 0.1 Tb4O7 0.1 Dy2O3 2
Ho2O3 2.5 Tm2O3 14 Yb2O3 0.1
Lu2O3 0.1 Y2O3 70
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 5 CuO 5 SiO2 20
CaO 6.5 NiO 10 MnO2 2
Erbium Oxide 99.999%
TREO 99.50% min.
Er2O3/TREO 99.999% min.
L.O.I. 0.50% max.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm. )
La2O3 0.1 CeO2 0.1 Pr6O11 0.1
Nd2O3 0.1 Sm2O3 0.1 Eu2O3 0.1
Gd2O3 0.1 Tb4O7 0.1 Dy2O3 0.5
Ho2O3 1 Tm2O3 6 Yb2O3 0.2
Lu2O3 0.1 Y2O3 0.1
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 7 CuO 10 SiO2 10
CaO 7 NiO 10 MnO2 2
Thulium Oxide 99.99%
TREO 99.57% min.
Tm2O3/TREO 99.99% min.
L.O.I. 0.13% max.
D50 3.03um
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm. )
La2O3 5 CeO2 5 Pr6O11 5
Nd2O3 5 Sm2O3 10 Eu2O3 2
Gd2O3 10 Tb4O7 9.24 Dy2O3 10
Ho2O3 10 Er2O3 9.77 Yb2O3 4.75
Lu2O3 2 Y2O3 2
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 5 CuO 5 SiO2 7.68
CaO 14.36 ZnO 2 NiO 10
Co2O3 5 MnO2 3 Cr2O3 5
Ytterbium Oxide 99.95%
TREO 99%
Yb2O3/TREO 99.95%
L.O.I. 1% max.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm )
Er2O3 5 Y2O3 5 Tm2O3 75
Lu2O3 320
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm)
Fe2O3 10 CaO 75 SiO2 23
Ytterbium Oxide 99.99%
TREO 99%
Yb2O3/TREO 99.99%
L.O.I. 1% max.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm )
Er2O3 11 Y2O3 5 Tm2O3 9
Lu2O3 73
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm)
Fe2O3 3.6 CaO 79 SiO2 20
Lutetium Oxide 99.99%
TREO 99.00% min.
Lu2O3/TREO 99.99% min.
L.O.I. 0.10% max.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm. )
Er2O3 2 Tm2O3 3 Yb2O3 31
Y2O3 2
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 5 SiO2 23 CaO 72
Lutetium Oxide 99.999%
TREO 99.00% min.
Lu2O3/TREO 99.9999%
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm. )
La2O3 0.2 CeO2 0.3 Pr6O11 0.2
Nd2O3 0.15 Sm2O3 0.2 Eu2O3 0.015
Gd2O3 0.04 Tb4O7 0.10 Dy2O3 0.04
Ho2O3 0.15 Er2O3 0.10 Tm2O3 0.23
Yb2O3 6.0 Y2O3 0.10
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 5 CuO 2 SiO2 15
CaO 5 PbO 2 ZnO 2
NiO 2 MnO2 2 TiO2 0.2
Lutetium Oxide 99.9999%
TREO 99.50% min.
Lu2O3/TREO 99.9999%
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm max. )
La2O3 0.04 CeO2 0.03 Pr6O11 0.02
Nd2O3 0.04 Sm2O3 0.04 Eu2O3 0.02
Gd2O3 0.04 Tb4O7 0.03 Dy2O3 0.03
Ho2O3 0.02 Er2O3 0.03 Tm2O3 0.07
Yb2O3 0.45 Y2O3 0.08
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 0.5 CuO 0.5 SiO2 5
CaO 5 PbO 0.5 NiO 0.6
MnO 0.2 Al2O3 0.5 CoO 0.5
Yttrium Oxide 99.999%
TREO 99.35%.
Y2O3/TREO 99.999%
D50 4.329um
L.O.I. 0.49%
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm)
La2O3 0.5 CeO2 0.5 Pr6O11 0.5
Nd2O3 0.5 Sm203 0.5 Eu2O3 1
Gd2O3 0.5 Tb4O7 1 Dy2O3 1
Ho2O3 1 Er2O3 1 Tm2O3 0.5
Yb2O3 0.5 Lu2O3 0.5
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm )
Fe2O3 2 SiO2 10 CaO 4
NiO 1 PbO 2 CuO 1
Cl- 33
Yttrium Oxide 99.9999%
TREO 99.50% min.
Y2O3/TREO 99.9999%
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm )
La2O3 0.1 CeO2 0.03 Pr6O11 0.04
Nd2O3 0.09 Sm2O3 0.05 Eu2O3 0.25
Gd2O3 0.05 Tb4O7 0.02 Dy2O3 0.08
Ho2O3 0.07 Er2O3 0.05 Tm2O3 0.03
Yb2O3 0.09 Lu2O3 0.04
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm )
Fe2O3 1 CuO 1 SiO2 10
CaO 8
PbO 1 NiO 1
MnO 1 Al2O3 1
CoO 1
Scandium Oxide 99.96%
TREO 96.50%
Tb4O7/TREO 99.96%
L.O.I. 0.10% max.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm )
La2O3 10
CeO2 12
Pr6O 11
Nd2O3 10
Sm2O3 10
Eu2O3 10
Gd2O3 10
Tb4O7 10
Dy2O3 10
Ho2O3 10
Er2O3 10
Tm2O3 10
Yb2O3 14
Lu2O3 71
Y2O3 28
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 20
SiO2 21
CaO 13
1. 10kg Lanthanum Oxide 99.999%
TREO 99% min.
La2O3/TREO 99.999% min.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm max. )
CeO2 2
Pr6O11 2
Nd2O3 2
Sm2O3 2
Y2O3 2
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 0.5
SiO2 5
CaO 5
CuO 0.5
Pb 1
Ag 0.4
Mn 0.2
Ni 0.2
K 0.6
Co 0.1
Cr 0.5
Mg 0.5
2. 5kg Samarium Oxide 99.999%
TREO 99% min.
Sm2O3/TREO 99.999% min.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm max. )
Pr6O11 1
Nd2O3 1
Eu2O3 2
Gd2O3 3
Y2O3 2
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 0.5
SiO2 5
CaO 5
CuO 0.5
3. 5kg Eur Oxide 99.999%
TREO 99% min.
Eu2O3/TREO 99.999% min.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm max. )
La2O3 0.5
CeO2 0.5
Pr6O11 0.5
Nd2O3 1
Sm2O3 1
Gd2O3 1
Tb4O7 1
Dy2O3 0.5
Ho2O3 0.2
Er2O3 0.2
Tm2O3 0.2
Yb2O3 0.2
Lu2O3 0.2
Y2O3 0.2
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 0.5
SiO2 5
CaO 5
CuO 0.3
ZnO 1
Cl- 50
4. 10kg Dysprosium Oxide 99.999%
TREO 99% min.
Dy2O3/TREO 99.999% min.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm max. )
La2O3 0.5
CeO2 0.2
Pr6O11 0.2
Nd2O3 0.1
Sm2O3 0.2
Eu2O3 0.5
Gd2O3 1
Tb4O7 2.5
Ho2O3 2
Er2O3 0.5
Tm2O3 0.3
Yb2O3 0.2
Lu2O3 0.2
Y2O3 1
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 0.4
SiO2 5
CaO 5
CuO 0.6
Pb 1
Co 0.5
Ni 0.2
Mg 0.5
5. 10kg Terbium Oxide 99.999%
TREO 99% min.
Tb4O7/TREO 99.999% min.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm max. )
La2O3 0.2
CeO2 0.2
Pr6O11 0.2
Nd2O3 0.1
Sm2O3 0.2
Eu2O3 0.5
Gd2O3 2
Dy2O3 2.5
Ho2O3 1
Er2O3 0.5
Tm2O3 0.2
Yb2O3 0.2
Lu2O3 0.2
Y2O3 1
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 0.4
SiO2 5
CaO 5
CuO 0.5
Pb 1
Co 0.1
Ni 0.2
Mg 0.5
1. Scandium Oxide 99.99999% (Laser grade)
TREO 99.50%min.
Sc2O3/TREO 99.99999%min.
Rare Earth impurities (in ppm max.)
La 0.007
Ce 0.0075
Pr 0.0038
Nd 0.0038
Sm 0.0075
Eu 0.0025
Gd 0.0038
Tb 0.0038
Dy 0.0038
Ho 0.0038
Er 0.0038
Tm 0.0038
Yb 0.0025
Lu 0.0025
Y 0.011
Non-Rare Earth impurities (in ppm max.)
Ag 0.19 As 0.006
Ba 0.17
Bi 0.19 Ca 1.2
Cd 0.32
Cl 0.79 Co 0.11
Cr 0.18
Cu 0.26 Fe 0.16
K 0.37
Mg 0.7 Mn 0.16
Mo 0.36
Na 0.2 Ni 0.25
P 0.09
Pb 0.35 Pt 1.9
Se 0.14
Si 2.7 Sn 0.32
Th 0.21
Ti 0.16 V 0.15
W 0.53
Zn 0.39 Zr 0.16
U 0.21
2. Scandium Oxide 99.999%
TREO 99.5% min.
Sc2O3/TREO 99.999%min.
Rare Earth impurities (in ppm max.)
La2O3 2
CeO2 0.3
Pr6O11 0.3
Nd2O3 0.3
Sm2O3 0.3
Eu2O3 0.3
Gd2O3 0.1
Tb4O7 0.1
Dy2O3 0.1
Ho2O3 0.1
Er2O3 0.1
Tm2O3 0.1
Yb2O3 0.05
Lu2O3 0.1
Y2O3 0.2
Non-Rare Earth impurities (in ppm max.)
Fe 0.5
Co 1
Ni 1
Cu 1
Zr 5-10
Ti 3-5
Si 3
Ca 3
3. Yttrium Oxide 99.9995% (Laser grade)
TREO 99.50%min.
Y2O3/TREO 99.9995%min.
Rare Earth impurities (in TREO, ppm max.)
La2O3 0.1
CeO2 0.12
Pr6O11 0.11
Nd2O3 0.4
Sm2O3 0.42
Eu2O3 0.21
Gd2O3 0.46
Tb4O7 0.12
Dy2O3 0.38
Ho2O3 0.11
Er2O3 0.37
Tm2O3 0.14
Yb2O3 0.39
Lu2O3 0.13
Sc2O3 0.07
Non-Rare Earth impurities (in ppm max.)
Ag 0.10 As 0.03
Ba 0.09
Bi 0.09 Ca 0.62
Cd 0.18
Cl 0.71 Co 0.03
Cr 0.09
Cu 0.14 Fe 0.09
K 0.57
Mg 0.15 Mn 0.03
Mo 0.02
Na 0.35 Ni 0.04
P 0.16
Pb 0.18 Pt 0.27
Se 0.07
Si 1.4 Sn 0.16
Th 0.1
Ti 0.09 V 0.07
W 0.27
Zn 0.20 Zr 0.79
5. Lanthanum Oxide 99.99995% (Laser grade)
TREO 99.50%min.
La2O3/TREO 99.99995%min.
Rare Earth impurities (in TREO, ppm max.)
CeO2 0.03
Pr6O11 0.02
Nd2O3 0.02
Sm2O3 0.03
Eu2O3 0.003
Gd2O3 0.02
Tb4O7 0.02
Dy2O3 0.02
Ho2O3 0.02
Er2O3 0.02
Tm2O3 0.02
Yb2O3 0.02
Lu2O3 0.01
Y2O3 0.01
Non-Rare Earth impurities (in ppm max.)
Fe 0.1 Co 0.1
Ni 0.1
Cu 0.1 Mn 0.1
Cr 0.1
V 0.1 Ca 2
Si 2
6. Cerium Oxide 99.999%
CeO2/TREO 99.999%min.
Rare Earth impurities (in TREO, ppm max.)
La2O3 3
Pr6O11 2
Nd2O3 2
Sm2O3 1
Y2O3 1
Non-Rare Earth impurities (in ppm max.)
Fe2O3 6.3
Cl 273
CaO 31.5
SiO2 60.9
PbO 21
Al2O3 9.45
SO4- 105
NiO 21
CuO 10.5
MnO2 21
MgO 31.5
P2O5 31.5
YC
1. Dysprosium Oxide 99.995%
TREO 99.4%
Dy2O3/TREO 99.995%
L.O.I. 0.1%
D50 4.1
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO, ppm.)
La2O3 0.31
CeO2 1.25
Pr6O11 1.25
Nd2O3 2.44
Sm2O3 1.25
Eu2O3 0.31
Gd2O3 0.40
Tb4O7 34.15
Ho2O3 0.72
Er2O3 2.19
Tm2O3 3.44
Yb2O3 0.93
Lu2O3 0.20
Y2O3 0.19
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( ppm.)
Fe2O3 5.0
SiO2 6.4
CaO 5.0
NiO 20
ZnO 5.0
CuO 5.0
Co2O3 5.0
Cr2O3 5.9
MnO2 3.8
Other individual 4.0max.
2. Dysprosium Oxide 99.98%
TREO 99%
Dy2O3/TREO 99.98%
L.O.I. 1%
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO, ppm.)
La2O3 10max.
CeO2 10max.
Pr6O11 10max.
Nd2O3 10max.
Sm2O3 10max.
Eu2O3 10max.
Gd2O3 12
Tb4O7 23
Ho2O3 68
Er2O3 24
Tm2O3 10
Yb2O3 10max.
Lu2O3 10max.
Y2O3 10max.
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( ppm.)
Fe2O3 10.0
SiO2 28
CaO 10max.
MgO 5max.
ZnO 5.0max.
CuO 5.0max.
PbO 5.0max.
Other individual 5.0max.
WFN
1. Erbium Oxide 99.5%
TREO 99%min.
Er2O3/TREO 99.5%min.
L.O.I. 1.0% max.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO, % max.)
Dy2O3 0.01
Ho2O3 0.05
Tm2O3 0.05
Yb2O3 0.35
Y2O3 0.01
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( ppm max.)
Fe2O3 20
SiO2 150
CaO 100
2. Erbium Oxide 99.9%
TREO 99%min.
Er2O3/TREO 99.9%min.
L.O.I. 1.0%max.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO, % max.)
Dy2O3 0.01
Ho2O3 0.01
Tm2O3 0.01
Yb2O3 0.05
Y2O3 0.05
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( ppm max.)
Fe2O3 15
SiO2 50
CaO 100
3. Cerium Oxide 99.5%
TREO 99%min.
CeO2/TREO 99.5%min.
L.O.I. 1.0%max.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO, % max.)
La2O3 0.50
Pr6O11 0.10
Nd2O3 0.03
Sm2O3 0.03
Y2O3 0.03
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( % max.)
Fe2O3 0.02
SiO2 0.05
CaO 0.05
PbO 0.02
4. Cerium Oxide 99.9%
TREO 99%min.
CeO2/TREO 99.9%min.
L.O.I. 1.0%max.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO, % max.)
La2O3 0.05
Pr6O11 0.05
Nd2O3 0.01
Sm2O3 0.01
Y2O3 0.01
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( % max.)
Fe2O3 0.005
SiO2 0.02
CaO 0.02
PbO 0.001
5. Neodymium Oxide 99.5%
TREO 99%min.
Nd2O3/TREO 99.5%min.
L.O.I. 1.0%max.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO, % max.)
La2O3 0.03
CeO2 0.03
Pr6O11 0.30
Sm2O3 0.03
Y2O3 0.01
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( % max.)
Fe2O3 0.01
SiO2 0.03
CaO 0.03
PbO 0.005
NiO 0.005
CuO 0.005
Cl- 0.03
6. Neodymium Oxide 99.9%
TREO 99%min.
Nd2O3/TREO 99.9%min.
L.O.I. 1.0%max.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO, % max.)
La2O3 0.010
CeO2 0.010
Pr6O11 0.05
Sm2O3 0.010
Y2O3 0.010
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( % max.)
Fe2O3 0.005
> SiO2 0.01
CaO 0.01
PbO 0.003
NiO 0.003
CuO 0.003
Cl- 0.02
1. Ytterbium Oxide gzy
TREO 99%min.
Yb2O3/TREO 99.9%min.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO, ppm max. )
Er2O3 5
Tm2O3 20
Lu2O3 50
Y2O3 5
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm )
Fe2O3 9
CaO 52
SiO2 24
2. Scandium Oxide gzl
TREO 99%min.
Sc2O3/TREO 99.9%min.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO, ppm max. )
La2O3 0.5
CeO2 1
Pr6O11 1
Nd2O3 0.5
Sm2O3 0.5
Eu2O3 0.5
Gd2O3 1
Tb4O7 2
Dy2O3 2
Ho2O3 1
Er2O3 0.5
Tm2O3 0.5
Yb2O3 8
Lu2O3 5
Y2O3 6
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm )
Si 15 Fe 12
Pb 5
Ca 20 Mn 5
Mg 5
Cu 5 Zr 30
Th 7
Cr 5 Ni 5
Al 10
Ti 10
r c l
1. Neodymium Oxide 99.999% (Laser grade)
TREO 99.70%.
Nd2O3/TREO 99.999%min.
Rare Earth impurities (in TREO, ppm max.)
La2O3 0.1
CeO2 0.2
Pr6O11 6.0
Sm2O3 0.2
Eu2O3 0.1
Gd2O3 0.1
Tb4O7 0.1
Dy2O3 0.1
Ho2O3 0.1
Er2O3 0.1
Tm2O3 0.1
Yb2O3 0.1
Lu2O3 0.1
Y2O3 0.1
Non-Rare Earth impurities (in ppm )
Fe2O3 3.0
SiO2 7.0
CaO 6.0
2. Erbium Oxide 99.999% (Laser grade)
TREO 99.60%.
Er2O3/TREO 99.999%min.
Rare Earth impurities (in TREO, ppm max.)
La2O3 0.2
CeO2 0.1
Pr6O11 0.1
Nd2O3 0.2
Sm2O3 0.1
Eu2O3 0.1
Gd2O3 0.2
Tb4O7 0.1
Dy2O3 1.0
Ho2O3 4.2
Tm2O3 2.5
Yb2O3 0.1
Lu2O3 0.1
Y2O3 0.2
Non-Rare Earth impurities (in ppm )
Fe2O3 3.0
SiO2 6.0
CaO 5.0
MgO 2.0
Lanthanum Oxide 99.999%
TREO 99.00% min.
La2O3/TREO 99.999% min.
L.O.I.¡¡0.10% max.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm max. )
CeO2 1 Pr6O11 2 Nd2O3 2
Sm2O3 2 Y2O3 2
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 1.7 SiO2 46 CaO 28
Cerium Oxide 99.995%
TREO 99.50% min.
CeO2/TREO 99.995%
L.O.I. 0.5%
D50 2.5um
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm max. )
La2O3 15 Pr6O11 20 Nd2O3 5
Sm2O3 5 Eu2O3 1 Gd2O3 1
Tb4O7 2 Dy2O3 5 Ho2O3 1
Er2O3 2 Tm2O3 2 Yb2O3 1
Lu2O3 1 Y2O3 1
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm )
Fe2O3 3 CuO 5 SiO2 10
CaO 5 PbO 2 NiO 2
MnO 2
Al2O3 2 CoO 2 ZnO 2
TiO 2 MgO 2
Praseodymium Oxide 99.9%
TREO 99% min.
Pr6O11/TREO 99.9% min.
Rare Earth impurities (in TREO of ppm)
La2O3 100 CeO2 200 Nd2O3 100
Sm2O3 100 Y2O3 100
Non-Rare Earth impurities (in ppm)
Fe2O3 10 SiO2 40 CaO 90
L.O.I. 0.78%
Praseodymium Oxide 99.98%
TREO 99.50% min.
Pr6O11/TREO 99.98% min.
L.O.I. 0.50% max.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm. )
La2O3 22 CeO2 100 Nd2O3 5
Sm2O3 2 Eu2O3 1 Gd2O3 24
Tb4O7 40 Dy2O3 1 Ho2O3 2
Er2O3 2 Tm2O3 1 Yb2O3 1
Lu2O3 1 Y2O3 1
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 5 CuO 2 SiO2 5
NiO 1 MnO2 1 Mg0 2
Neodymium Oxide 99.999%
TREO 99.50% min.
Nd2O3/TREO 99.999% min.
L.O.I. 0.10% max.
D50 1.70um
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm. )
La2O3 0.52 CeO2 0.52 Pr6O11 1.37
Sm2O3 1.24 Eu2O3 0.31 Gd2O3 0.31
Tb4O7 0.62 Dy2O3 0.62 Ho2O3 0.62
Er2O3 0.31 Tm2O3 0.62 Yb2O3 0.31
Lu2O3 0.31 Y2O3 0.65
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 5 CuO 5 SiO2 25.13
CaO 5 NiO 10 Co2O3 10
MnO2 2 Cr2O3 5 PbO2 20
Samarium Oxide 99.95%
TREO 99.00% min.
Sm2O3/TREO 99.95% min.
L.O.I. 0.10% max.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm max. )
Pr6O11 100 Nd2O3 100 Eu2O3 100
Gd2O3 100 Y2O3 100
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 3 SiO2 11 CaO 30
Certificate of Analysis
Gadolinium Oxide 99.995%
TREO 99.00% min.
Gd2O3/TREO 99.995% min.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm max. )
Sm2O3 5 Eu2O3 5 Tb4O7 5
Dy2O3 5 Y2O3 5
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 2.9 SiO2 40 CaO 34
Gadolinium Oxide 99.999%
TREO 99% min.
Gd2O3/TREO 99.999% min.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm max. )
La2O3 0.2 CeO2 0.2 Pr6O11 0.2
Nd2O3 0.2 Sm2O3 0.2 Eu2O3 0.2
Tb4O7 4.5 Dy2O3 0.2 Ho2O3 0.2
Er2O3 0.2 Tm2O3 0.2 Yb2O3 0.3
Lu2O3 0.2 Y2O3 0.2
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max )
Fe2O3 3 CuO 3
SiO2 15
CaO 15 Cl- 200
Terbium Oxide 99.99%
TREO 99.00% min.
Tb4O7/TREO 99.99% min.
L.O.I. 0.10% max.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm max. )
Eu2O3 10 Gd2O3 10 Dy2O3 20
Ho2O3 10 Er2O3 10 Tm2O3 10
Yb2O3 10 Lu2O3 10 Y2O3 10
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 6 SiO2 53 CaO 19
Dysprosium Oxide 99.9%
TREO 99.00% min.
Dy2O3/TREO 99.9% min.
L.O.I. 0.10% max.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm max. )
Gd2O3 50 Tb4O7 250 Ho2O3 270
Er2O3 50 Tm2O3 50 Yb2O3 50
Lu2O3 50 Y2O3 50
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 10 SiO2 48 CaO 36
Holmium Oxide 99.99%
TREO 99.70%
Ho2O3/TREO 99.999% min.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO of ppm. )
La2O3 0.1 CeO2 0.1 Pr6O11 0.1
Nd2O3 20 Sm2O3 0.1 Eu2O3 0.1
Gd2O3 0.1 Tb4O7 0.2 Dy2O3 4.0
Er2O3 19 Tm2O3 0.1 Yb2O3 0.1
Lu2O3 0.1 Y2O3 0.2
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe2O3 4 CuO 5 SiO2 7
CaO 6 PbO 5 ZnO 5
NiO 5 MgO 5
Certificate of Analysis
1. Lutetium Oxide 99.99%
TREO 99%min.
Lu2O3/TREO 99.99%min.
L.O.I. 1.0%max.
Rare Earth impurities: (in TREO, ppm)
La2O3 5max.
CeO2 5max.
Pr6O11 5max.
Nd2O3 5max.
Sm2O3 5max.
Eu2O3 5max.
Gd2O3 5max.
Tb4O7 5max.
Dy2O3 5max.
Ho2O3 5max.
Er2O3 5max.
Tm2O3 5max.
Yb2O3 73
Y2O3 5max.
Non-Rare Earth impurities: (in ppm )
Fe2O3 4
CaO 25
SiO2 25
Lutetium Oxide 99.99% UC
TREO 99%min.
Lu2O3/TREO 99.99%min.
Rare Earth impurities: ( in TREO, ppm max. )
La2O3 0.3
CeO2 0.3
Pr6O11 0.3
Nd2O3 0.3
Sm2O3 0.3
Eu2O3 0.3
Gd2O3 0.5
Tb4O7 0.5
Dy2O3 0.5
Ho2O3 0.5
Er2O3 0.5
Tm2O3 0.5
Yb2O3 0.5
Y2O3 0.5
Non-Rare Earth impurities: (in ppm max. )
Fe 1
Ca 20
Si 5
Hf 0.1
2. Lutetium Oxide 99.999%
TREO 99%min.
Lu2O3/TREO 99.999%min.
L.O.I. 1.0%max.
Rare Earth impurities: (in TREO, ppm)
La2O3 0.8
CeO2 0.2
Pr6O11 0.1
Nd2O3 0.3
Sm2O3 0.3
Eu2O3 0.2
Gd2O3 0.3
Tb4O7 0.2
Dy2O3 0.2
Ho2O3 0.1
Er2O3 0.2
Tm2O3 0.2
Yb2O3 1.9
Y2O3 1.5
Non-Rare Earth impurities: (in ppm )
Fe2O3 3
CaO 12
SiO2 15
Lutetium Oxide 99.9999%
TREO 99%min.
Lu2O3/TREO 99.9999%min.
L.O.I. 1.0% max.
Rare Earth impurities ( in TREO, ppm max. )
La 0.02
Ce 0.02
Pr 0.02
Nd 0.02
Sm 0.02
Eu 0.02
Gd 0.02
Tb 0.02
Dy 0.02
Ho 0.12
Er 0.05
Tm 0.02
Yb 0.06
Y 0.02
Sc 0.02
Non-Rare Earth impurities ( in ppm max. )
Fe 0.02
Cu 0.02
Cr 0.02
Ni 0.02
Pb 0.02
Ti 0.02
Ca 1
Na 1
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